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KMID : 0948220000040010033
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Keimyung Journal of Nursing Science
2000 Volume.4 No. 1 p.33 ~ p.54
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Literature Review of Nonpharmacologic Pain Management and Pain Management Program
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Park Jeong-Sook
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Abstract
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Various methods of nonpharmacologic pain management are advantageous because they can enhance the effect of pain-relieving medications.
Nurses can relieve patient´s pain using nonpharmacologic methods through reducing physical discomfort and psychological stress related to pain. There are three dimensions of pain management according to Gate Control theory. Massage, heat and cold application, mentol ointment application, and TENS are included in the dimension of nerve fiber(sensory-discriminative and gate control system). Imagery, relaxation, music, and hypnosis are included in the dimension of brain stem(motivational-affective). And information and teaching are included in the dimension of brain and hypothalamus(cognitive-evaluative).
There are cutaneous massage, general massage, hand massage, foot massage and therapeutic touch in the cutaneous stimulation, and many researches show that the cutaneous stimulation is effective to relieve pain.
There are heat therapy, cold therapy, and foot soaking in the heat/cood application. Many researches show that the heat therapy is effective to relieve pain, but the results of effect of cold therapy are inconsistent.
There are emptying the sandbag, ball of healing energy, breathing out pain and opening around pain and opeining around pain in imagery, many researches show that the imagery is effective to relieve pain. And there are progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training and Benson´s relaxation response in relaxation technique, many researches show that the relaxation technique is effective to relieve pain, but an analysis of nine randmized controlled trial shows that the effect of relaxation technique is not affirmative.
And then there are the Santa Crutz medical center case, collaborative research utilization model case, cancer pain management program curriculum for nurses, St, Mary hospital case, Acute pain management for elderly, most of all they use AHCPR guideline, and develop their pain m9 pon, autogenic training and Benson´s relaxation response in relaxation technique, many researches show that the relaxation technique is effective to relieve pain, but an analysis of nine randmized controlled trial shows that the effect of relaxation technique is not affirmative.
And then there are the Santa Crutz medical center case, collaborative research utilization model case, cancer pain management program curriculum for nurses, St. Mary hospital case, Acute pain management for elderly, most of all they use AHCPR guideline, and develop their pain management program appropriately.
In conclusion, we have to utilize nonpharmacologic pain management pain management actively and develop and apply the pain managemtent program in each hospital base in Korea.
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KEYWORD
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nonpharmacologic pain management, pain management program
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